ما هو او بي دي?

التشخيص على متن الطائرة (او بي دي) هو مصطلح سيارات يشير إلى قدرة تشخيصية وإعداد تقارير للتشخيص الذاتي للسيارة. OBD systems give the vehicle owner or repair technician access to the status of the various vehicle sub-systems. The amount of diagnostic information available via OBD has varied widely since its introduction in the early 1980s versions of onboard vehicle computers. Early versions of OBD would simply illuminate a malfunction indicator light or “idiot light” if a problem was detected but would not provide any information as to the nature of the problem. Modern OBD implementations use a standardized digital communications port to provide real-time data in addition to a standardized series of diagnostic trouble codes, or DTCs, which allow a person to rapidly identify and remedy malfunctions within the vehicle.

There are two kinds of on-board diagnostic systems: OBD-I and OBD-II.

OBD-I
OBD-I refers to the first-generation OBD systems that were developed throughout the 1980s. These early systems use proprietary connectors, hardware interfaces, and protocols. A mechanic who wanted to access diagnostic information typically had to buy a tool for every different vehicle make. OBD-I scan tools that support multiple protocols are supplied with an array of different adapter cables.

OBD-II
In the early 1990s, the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) and the International Standardization Organization (ايزو) issued a set of standards that described the interchange of digital information between ECUs and a diagnostic scan tool. All OBD-II-compliant vehicles were required to use a standard diagnostic connector (SAE J1962) and communicate via one of the standard OBD-II communication protocols.

OBD-II was first introduced in model year (MY) 1994 vehicles, and became a requirement for all cars and light trucks starting with MY1996.